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Kenelm Winslow |
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No parents conclusively identified |
Kenelm Winslow was born about 1550, according to his deposition which was given in 1605 FR24. John G. Hunt spelled out various reasons to tentatively connect Kenelm Winslow to a woman whom he believed may have been his mother: Mary Bucke, whose own mother was Ellen (Neville) Bucke. Hunt’s research caused him to believe that Kenelm was born circa 1551 and his son, Edward, was born circa 1572. Kenelm may have been named for Kenelm Bucke of Nash, Kempsey, whose wife was Ellen, the daughter of Thomas Neville, but the Buckes and the Nevilles were of a more privileged station than the Winslows, which casts doubt on a marriage between the families HU10. The daughter of Kenelm and Ellen Bucke, Mary, may have died without marrying, but there is a small possibility that she married Kenelm Winslow HU10. The son and heir of Kenelm Bucke was Francis Bucke, whose will of 1580 was witnessed by a man named John Winslow HU10. In summation, John Hunt believed that Edward Winslow, Sr. was the son of Kenelm Winslow and his wife, Katherine, and that Kenelm Winslow was the son of Mary Bucke and an unnamed husband with a Winslow surname HU10. Mary Bucke was the daughter of Ellen Neville and Kenelm Bucke, and Ellen Neville was the daughter of Thomas Neville and Lettice Harcourt HU10. However, in later research, John Hunt stated “After much research it has proved impossible to show that [Kenelm] Bucke and his wife [Ellen Nevil] were in any way akin to the Winslows; nor is there any certainty that the latter intermarried with the Morgans, who were allied in blood to the Grevilles” HU28.
Hunt also explored the relationship between Governor Edward Winslow and Lady Hesilrige HU10. In correspondence dated in 1650 to Governor Edward Winslow from Sir Arthur Hesilrige, Sir Arthur referred to Governor Winslow as his cousin, and at the conclusion of the letter, Sir Arthur’s wife, Lady Hesilrige, also wrote to Governor Winslow, “Good Cosen my husband command[s] me to seale up this to you he is in so much hast [haste] he cannot doe it. I say no more but that I am your loving cosen D.H.” HU10. The relationship of “cousin” has been elucidated in this way: Lady Hesilrige was the daughter of Fulke Greville, who was the son of Robert Greville, the son of Fulke Greville and Elizabeth (Willoughby) Greville, who was the daughter of Edward Willoughby and Margaret (Neville) Willoughby, who was the daughter of Richard Neville, Lord Latimer HU10. Richard Neville, Lord Latimer, was the elder twin brother of Thomas Neville, and Thomas Neville was the father of Ellen (Neville) Bucke HU10. Lady Hesilrige and Governor Edward Winslow, had they been related, would have been very distant cousins. Mr. Hunt’s article should be examined to fully comprehend the complexities of his argument for the affiliation between the Winslow and Bucke families, and between the Greville, Willoughby, and Neville families, as he explained in further detail the reasons why Lady Hesilrige would have referred to Governor Winslow as her cousin.
Brandon Fradd did not believe it likely that Kenelm Winslow’s mother was Mary Bucke, and he discarded the hypothesis that Kenelm Winslow married a daughter of Sir Fulk Greville and Elizabeth Willoughby, but believed it was possible that Kenelm instead married a daughter of Richard or Roger Buck, who themselves were sons of Kenelm Buck and his wife, Ellen FR24. Ellen Neville was the wife of Kenelm Buck, and her father was Thomas Neville of Mathon, Worcestershire, the younger twin brother of Richard Neville, Lord Latimer FR24. He had three wives, who were Anne Westerdale, Lettice Harcourt, and Anne Greville FR24. He speculated that Kenelm had a second wife, whose name was Katherine and who resided in Worcester, which prompted Kenelm to relocate to Worcester from Kempsey FR24.
Fradd believed that Kenelm Winslow was probably descended from Richard Winslow FR24. A grant dated August 10, 1548 to a knight named John Thynne and a gentleman named Laurence Hyde included “the lands in the several tenures of… Richard Winslowe the elder, Richard Winslowe the younger… and Kenelm Buck, in Kemsey, Norton, Draycote and Kereswell, Worc.[ester]… also the yearly rent of 2s. and service from lands of Kenelm Buck, gentleman, in Kemsay…” CA95. While there is no proof that Kenelm was the father of Edward Winslow, Sr., it is noteworthy that Kenelm held property in Clifton, Severn Stoke, and Edward Winslow, Sr. did reside at Clifton at one point and that Governor Edward Winslow named his estate in Massachusetts “Careswell” FR24.
The church wardens’ accounts of St. Michael’s Church in Bedwardine in Worcester for the year 1562 (conducted on September 25, 1562) contained a list of lands, meadows, and pastures that belonged to “the churche of St. Mighell within the citie of Worcester, lyng and Beyng at Clifton within the parishe of Severnestoke” in Worcestershire AM5. This list included “one farmedell in the same fyld betwene the land of Nicolas Clifton on the southe syde, And the land of Kenelme Wynselowe on the northe syde, shotyng to Arle”; the same field mentioned was located in “Suffyld” AM5. The list continued with “one other farmedell in the same fyld betwene the land of the seid Wynselowe on the southe syde and the lord of Stoke on the northe syde, and shotithe to Arle aforesaid” AM5. Another parcel of this church land was adjacent to Kenelm’s land: “one halfe Acre in the nether forlong of the same fyld shotyng on Astemore between the land of Kenelme Wynslowe on the northe syde and William Somer on the southe parte” AM5.
Brandon Fradd pointed out some potential discrepancies with the year listed in the land survey for St. Michael’s Church in Bedwardine in Worcester; he noted that the year was written in numbers (“1562”) rather than spelled out in words, so there may have been a transcription error if the original date was faded or difficult to read by the time it was transcribed in or before 1896 FR24. He noted that the land survey did not appear with the account for the year 1562, but instead after the account for the year 1566 FR24. Fradd also believed that it would make sense that a land survey might be required in the year 1569 or 1582 because the church was required to make rent payments in 1569 and 1583 FR24. The year of this land survey is important because it establishes a minimum age for Kenelm Winslow as a landholder; if the land survey was indeed conducted in 1562, Kenelm would have been at least twenty-one years old, placing his birth in or before 1541 FR24.
In various forms, his name appeared on the court rolls for the manor of Kempsey from 1575 until 1598 FR24. In these instances, his name typically appeared in lists of homage jurors. Local courts were held periodically in which all the men of the area were expected to attend; of those who attended, between ten and twenty-four men were selected to form a jury in which they would present the evidence of a case and then deliberate on that case FR24. Kenelm Wynslow was an homage juror in the courts held for Kempsey Manor on October 11, 1576, October 15, 1577, April 15, 1578, October 6, 1578 (as Kenelm Wynslowe), March 29, 1580, September 28, 1580, May 5, 1581 (as Kellam Wynslow), September 28, 1581, April 15, 1585 (as Kellane Wynslow), March 24, 1586, March 23, 1587 (as Kellam Wynslow), September 25, 1588 (but he was essoin, or absent, on this date) March 12, 1589 (as Kellam Wynslow), September 24, 1589 (as Kellane Wynslow), March 24, 1590 (as Kellam Wynslow), July 28, 1590 (in which Kellam Wynslow was listed as an homage juror but was not sworn in), September 15, 1590, October 20, 1594 FR24. When noted as one of the jurors on the homage jury, Kenelm/Kellam often served alongside John Wynslow, and sometimes served alongside Richard Wynslow FR24.
A court for Kempsey Manor held on October 18, 1575 before Sir Robert Throckmorton, Knight of the Steward, noted that four men who were of the Tithing of Kerswell were ordered to dig a ditch; these men were Kelland Wynslow, Richard Wade, Thomas Mylward, and Richard Taylor FR24. The ditch was meant run between “Dyrrych He[a]d” and Shaw Pool and allow water to flow into it FR24. It was to be completed within forty days; if it was not completed within that time, these men were meant to pay a penalty of six shillings and eight pence FR24. At a court held for Kempsey on October 11, 1576, the court roll noted that Kenelm Winslow had a stray black-colored cow in his custody for the past fortnight FR24. At a court held for Kempsey on May 5, 1581, Kellam Wynslow was elected as the tythingman for Kerswell for the following year FR24. A court held on October 10, 1587 contains a notation for the Tithing of Kerswell which seems to indicate that Richard Taylor, Richard Mylward, and reputedly Kellam Wynslow testified that Thomas Fowler defied an ordinance when he carried away wood from the lord’s fences FR24. At a court held on March 24, 1590, Kenelm Wynslow was elected and was sworn as the constable for the year 1590 FR24. A court held for Kempsey Manor on September 20, 1598 indicated that for the Tithing of Kerswell, John Butrell, Richard Myllard, Kellam Winslow, and Francis Reading were residents of the manor and that they made default of their suit, which meant they were each at the mercy of three pence FR24.
He referred to himself as a yeoman when he wrote his will, indicating that he probably leased his farmland, rather than owned his farmland FR24. The belief that Kenelm Winslow owned land at Newport’s Place at Kereswell in Worcestershire likely stemmed from the ambiguous and uncertain account by Thomas Habington HA39:
William de Kereswell of Aillefer heald of the mannor of Kemesey a hide and a halfe in Kereswell. John the sonne of Nicholas de Hull of Kereswell heald 3 yardes of land in the same townshyp. Nicholas de Hull of Kereswell heald 3 yardes in this village. The tenauntes of John the sonne of Richard de Ashe in lyke sort landes here. The heyres of John Clopton heald in the same mannor, and thease 3 last I thincke weare seuerall tenauntes of the same landes, the inheritance as I have heard of Sir Richard Newport, and souled by him to Kenelm Winslowe, and by Winslowe to Sir John Bucke; and which in the whyte booke of the Bishopricke is as I guesse called Newporte’s place.
However, Brandon Fradd stated that Kenelm Winslow was not the owner of Newport’s Place at Kereswell, but a tenant farmer of the land, and the actual owner was the widow of Sir Richard Newport FR24. Fradd believed that it was likely the Winslow family of Draycott who owned Clerkenkeap, and this branch of the Winslow family later sold it around 1650 to John Nash FR24. According to a lease dated October 1585, Kenellum Winslow leased three virgates of land at Kerswell from the relict and widow of Sir Richard Newport (which land previously held by Sir John Borough); the record of this lease indicated that Kenellum Winslow’s tenure was by knight service and suit at the Court of Kempsey, and that he would pay three bushels of rye FR24. Another lease record dated November 1598 reiterated that the widow of Sir Richard Newport was the freeholder of Kerswell, and that Kenelm Wynslowe leased land there as a tenant farmer FR24.
A bond dated June 18, 1580 in relation to the late Thomas Millard, a husbandman of Kempsey, indicated that Kenelm Winslowe and Richard Swarbracke, each called farmers of Kempsey, Worcestershire, were bound for the sum of forty pounds to Richard Coslin, gentleman, and William Warmstry, a notary public, for the purpose of making an inventory of the goods and the estate of Thomas Millard and to pay his debts FR24. The inventory of the estate of Thomas Millard was conducted by Kenelm Wynslowe, Richard Taylor, William Staunton, John Huett, and Richard Swarbrak on June 28, 1580 FR24.
He sat on the juries for the inquisitions post mortem for Francis Buck in 1580 and for Nicholas Clifton in 1588 FR24. Kenelm Wynslow was one of the witnesses of the will of Richard Hurdman, the elder, a husbandman of Draycott, which was dated August 26, 1589; Kenelm was also one of the appraisers of the inventory of his estate, which occurred on May 7, 1590 FR24. A month later on April 10, 1590, John Halle, a weaver of Kempsey, wrote his will, and in that same year, Kenelm Winsloe, William Hall, and Thomas Ree were the appraisers for the inventory of his estate FR24. On April 19, 1593, Humfrey Harward (the vicar of Kempsey), Kenelm Wymslowe, John Redding, Morris Davis, and Henry Persyvall were the appraisers for the inventory of the estate of Thomas Redding, a husbandman of Baynold in the parish of Kempsey who had written his will on November 11, 1592 FR24. On July 17, 1595, Richard Tayler (or Taylor) of Kerswell appointed him to be one of the overseers of his will WI56:
In the name of god Amen the seaventheenth daye of Julye in the seaven and thirtieth yere of the Raigne of oure soveraigne Ladye Elizabeth... I Richard Tayler of Kerswell in the parishe of Kempsey in the Countie of worcester yeoman… Item I appoynte my welbeloved in xpiste [Christ] Kenelme Winslowe Richard Hickox and Richard walker overseers unto this my last will and testamt and I give unto every of the sixe pence…
On April 8, 1597, Kenelm Wynslow, John Hurdman of Buncken, and William Wheler conducted the inventory of the estate of Thomas Fowler, a husbandman of Kerswell in the parish of Kempsey, who had written his will on March 22, 1597 FR24.
Brandon Fradd discussed a deposition given by Kenelm Winslow in 1605 in which he stated he was fifty-four years old, indicating his birth occurred about 1550 FR24. Fradd stated this deposition was one of many given by individuals with the Winslow surname, and these depositions pertained to a lawsuit in which the plaintiff was Thomas Crumpton and the defendants were Francis Clifton (the son of Nicholas Clifton), Richard Pace, and Thomas Somer FR24. In the deposition, Kenelm Winslow stated that he was a yeoman of the City and County of Worcester FR24. Kenelm stated that in his will, Richard Taylor bequeathed money to the three daughters of Anthony Pace, who were the nieces of Richard Pace, and this Richard Pace defrauded his nieces FR24. I have twice attempted to obtain the record which pertains to this suit from 1605. In January 2024, I requested a copy of REQ 2/405/134 from The National Archives based on John G. Hunt’s reference Kenelm Winslow’s birthdate which he stated “is based on Col. Banks’ MSS in Rare Book Room, Library of Congress, which contain a copy of records from Great Britain, Court of Requests, uncalendared, tempore James I, bdle IX p. 3, bo. 405/134” HU10. This was unfruitful, because this record did not contain any of the names mentioned in the suit mentioned by Hunt (Thomas Somer, Francis Clifton, and Richard Pace) HU10. It was a completely unrelated document. Next in December 2024, I requested a copy of REQ 2/405/36 from The National Archives based on a hunch that a reference number provided by Brandon Fradd for this suit (The National Archives: REG 2/405/36) FR24 may have been slightly incorrect. I was unable to locate REG 2/405/36. After requesting a copy of REQ 2/405/36, The National Archives did locate this record; it contains forty-one total pages, but I elected to not pay the required £273.95 copying fee, so I remain ignorant as to the details of this suit.
At some point, he moved to St. Andrew’s Parish in Worcester, England, which is where he died HO14, CU15 sometime in 1607 WO7, HO14. Kenelm was buried there on November 9, 1607 HO14. His will, dated April 14, 1607 and proved on November 9, 1607, was witnessed by John Swayne, Edward Tovy, and Richard Caldowe (this surname is uncertain) WO7:
In the Name & feare of God Amen the
xiiiith daye of Aprill in the yere of our Lord 1607, I Kenelme
Wynslowe of the cittye of Worcester, yeom[an], being of verye p[er]fect memorye
although sick in bodye doe make & declare my last Will & Testamt
in maner & forme following vizt First I comend my soule to the eternall
God & my bodye to the Earth to be buryed in comelye sort of Buriall after
my deceasse, Item I devise and appoint that vs [five
shillings] in money or bread be against… next [this short phrase was
crossed out and was therefore partially illegible] to the pore of the p[ar]rshe
[parish] of St Andrew wherein I dwell to be distributed by my wife
or by her appointmt And as touching my goods and Chattells I will
& appoint the Custodye thereof (my funeralls discharged & my debts
paide) to Katherine my very loving Wife whom I ordaine constitute
& appoint to be my Sole Executrix of this my pr[ese]nt Will &
appointing & wisheing her nott to alter the p[ro]p[er]tie [property]
thereof (things over worne excepted) wthout the consent of my ealdest Sonne
whom I require to be a guide & comforter to her, And such of my howshould
stuffe as she will shall thinke well of I license her to dispose of to
such of my Children & grandchildren as shall best please her And the same
nott to be delivered until after her death deceasse &
then the same to be deliv[er]ed to them as the gift & legasie aswell of me
to them as my saide wife In wittnes These being wittnessed pr[ese]nte
att the publishing hereof by me Kenelme Wynslo
John Swayne
Edward Tovy
Richard Caldowe his marke
The inventory of Kenelm’s estate was appraised by John Co…, John Swayne, and Richard Caldowe on May 30, and has been transcribed below WO7:
In the hall
Imprimis sixe joyned stowles [stools]… Sixe Cushions and a service booke
In the kitchen
Item Eight Brasse pans kettles and calthrons [perhaps cauldrons]… Item Fower brasse potts and a posutt [unsure about this word]… Item Fowerteene pewter dishes… Item the Sawcers Candlesticke & Fower cupps… Item a warmeing pan a skymmer a dripping pan and twoe pewter potts… Three spitts, an iron grate, a pare of andyrons and a pare of tongues [tongs] with the lynkes [lynkes: unsure of this word] fier shovel Bellowes and Frying pan, with a brandard & other Iron… Twoe chiers [chairs] twoe s stowles and Fower shelves… Five porringers a Eleaven spones [spoons] two salts with some owld pewter
In the sello [cellar] and Butterye
Item Fower Earthen potts with Liquor… Item Barrells for Drinke with a Boulting… Tubb and other treenware a shelf … [illegible] bord… A bowle of treen with meele sives [meal sieves]
In the kylnehowse [kilnhouse] & malt chamber
Item Nyntetie sixe bushels of malt and barly att twoe shillings the strike… A heare Cloth [hair cloth] with a s?ryne [possibly skryne: a crease in the parchment has faded the ink from some of this letter] and certaine shovels… Bacon in the [illegible due to the crease in the parchment]… Twelve sacks for corne and malt… Twoe weeting phatt [vat] for malt with barrens, s?i?? [this word was written in a cramped space, which made the letters indecipherable], plancks and shol?o [this word was obscured]
In the workehowse
An axe a mattock three iron wedges… With diverse tooles for husbandry… Woll and wollen yarne
In the little howse
Item one cubbord… Fower peeces of pewter… Fower shelves and a baskett and grater
In the chamber over the hall
A joyned bedstead and a trundle bed ?eede [possibly need] to goe under the same with the matts and corde… Thre beds with the bowlsters [bolsters] pillowes blanketts coverings & other furniture to the same bedsteeds… A presse and sixe canvasses & blanketts with the same… Fower chests… a table boord and a chayer… a sword and dagger… a bow and thirteene arrows… hempen & Flaxen yarne and hempe & Flaxe unspun… A brusse and a paire of sheeres
In the Inner Chamber
A bedsteede with a Flockbedd and the blanketts and canvasse to the same
In the chamber over the Butterye
A standing bedsteede and a trundle bedstead with the matts… Bedclothes in the same chamber… Sheetes table clothes table napkins & other lynnen… A table boord and Frame with a chayer and twoe stooles… a cubboord and chest… sixe course cushions… Bottells and glasses and a paire of wafron Irons… Twoe peeces of new wollen cloth… Item Twoe tymber trees att Kempsey… Item an Ironn Towe and a paire of horse harrowes… with some other owld Ironn… his wearing apparel… his purse and money in the same… seaven loose Dores with the locke to the same and leaves of windowes
In the stable
hey… one mare with twoe saddles and bridles
In the backside
Three ladders… a cubb for powltrey… Fier wood… twoe store swine… the lease of a closse [close] taken for this prnte [present] yere… the lease of his dwelling howse